The role the hiatal hernia plays in developing GERD symptoms continues to be debated and explored. It is a complex issue because some people with a hiatal hernia do not have reflux, while others have reflux without having a hernia.

The term "hernia" refers to an abnormal protrusion of tissue through a layer of muscle. The term "hiatal" refers to the normal opening, or hiatus, in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes before it connects to the stomach. A muscular tissue, the diaphragm normally aids in the control of reflux. However, when the diaphragm hiatus is larger than necessary, the upper portion of the stomach may protrude through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. This anomaly makes it easier for stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus. Click here to learn more about the hiatal hernia and how it is diagnosed.

There are a number of things that can aggravate or increase the symptoms of GERD, such as:

• Alcohol use
• Excess body weight
• Pregnancy
• Smoking

Among individuals who have GERD, there are certain foods that are more likely to produce symptoms, including those listed below.

• Citrus fruits
• Chocolate
• Drinks with caffeine
• Garlic and onions
• Mint flavorings
• Spicy foods
• Tomato-based foods, such as spaghetti sauce, chili and pizza